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Rules
The regulation time of a soccer game depends on the age of the players:
- for seniors (over 18) 2x45 minutes with a 15 minute intermission;
- for juniors (15-18 ) 2x40 minutes with a 10 minute intermission
- for minors (under 15 ) 2x30 minutes with a 10 minute intermission.
A referee may add some extra time to the regulation time for any interuptions and breaks during the game. How much extra time is allowed is usually determined by a fourth official (technical referee). Besides two referees there are also two linesmen, one on each sideline. A technical referee and linesmen only assist the main referee who has the sole authority in the decision-making process.
A game is played by two teams of 11 players each, including a goaltender. Beside 11 players there also are substitute players whose number depends on a particular event's rules. No team can use more than 3 substitute players per game. The player's outfit consists of a jersey, shorts, socks, shin guards, and footwear. The goalkeeper's outfit may have a different colour than that of his teammates. The footwear (soccer cleats) is made from leather and syntetic material. The outsole has a number of circular stats that are attached to it, which can be made from rubber, aluminum, leather or plastic. The goalkeepers wear specially designed gloves.
The soccer field (pitch) is a rectangle measuring 90-120 meters in length and 45-90 meters in width. The optimal measurements are 105X68 m, which is a standard field used during sporting events such as the World Cup or the European Cup, as well as international games. The longer boundary lines are known as touch lines (linesmen move along these lines), and shorter ones are goal lines. Goals are placed on the goal lines, each measuring 732 centimeters in length and 244 centimeters in height. The goal posts and the crossbar are usually round and made of metal. The back of the goal is netted. The soccer pitch is divided by a central line into two equal parts. Each game is started on this line while players on each team are within their own half. Each half of the field has its own penalty area, goal crease, which is marked by a rectangle whose longer boundary line is 5.5 meters away from the end line and shorter lines 5.5 meters away from each goalpost. The penalty area is marked in a similar way but the distance of the longer boundary line from the end line is 16.5 meters and its shorter lines are 16.5 meters away from the goalposts. The corners of the pitch are demarcated by a quater circle with a 1 meter radius. The soccer ball weighs 396-453 grams and and its parameter is 68-71cm.
See also
- History
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